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Utility cycling encompasses any cycling done simply as a means of transport rather than as a sport or leisure activity. It is the original and most common type of cycling in the world. == Overview == Utility or "transportational" cycling generally involves travelling short and medium distances (several kilometres, not uncommonly 3-15 kilometers one way, or somewhat longer), often in an urban environment. It includes commuting (i.e. going to work, school or university), going shopping and running errands, as well as heading out to see friends and family or for other social activities. It also includes economic activity such as the delivering of goods or services. In cities, the bicycle courier is often a familiar feature, and freight bicycles are capable of competing with trucks and vans particularly where many small deliveries are required, especially in congested areas. Velotaxis can also provide a public transport service like buses and taxicabs. Utility cycling is known to have several social and economic benefits. Policies that encourage utility cycling have been proposed and implemented for reasons including: improved public health,〔〔 individual health and employers' profits〔TNO, the Dutch institute for applied scientific research. More bicycling to work lowers sickness absence and saves employers 27 millions euro () accessed 1 February 2009〕 a reduction in traffic congestion and air pollution,〔 improvements in road traffic safety, improved quality of life,〔 improved mobility and social inclusiveness,〔 and benefits to child development.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Cycling in the Netherlands )〕 In the Chinese city of Beijing alone, there are an estimated four million bicycles in use (it has been estimated that in the early-1980s there were approximately 500 million cyclists in China).〔(China ends 'bicycle kingdom' as embracing cars ), ''China Daily'', 2004-11-11 (Accessed 2007-01-26)〕〔Chinese look to bicycle to cure car headache, Irish Times 2006-06-17〕 As of 2000, there were an estimated 80 million bicycles in Japan, accounting for 17% of commuter trips,〔A Study on Measures to Promote Bicycle Usage in Japan, Hirotaka Koike, Akinori Morimoto, Kaoru Itoh, Department of Civil Engineering, Utsunomiya University Velomondial Conference Proceedings, Amsterdam 2000〕 and in the Netherlands, 27% of all trips are made by bicycle.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Utility cycling」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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